group works is defined as Colleagues together within the framework of the group's democratic system,This is a form of voluntary membership which significantly increase the sum of the output of the activity, in compared with performing the individually. The present study investigates the impact of social factors on women's group work. The purpose of this study was to identify social factors with their dimension's group work of, (common goal, common sense, common value and shared Interaction). The statistical population of this study was women aged 20 years and above in Tehran with population of 2817308 in 1398,But according to Spss Sample Power software have been used according to calculation type and sample size(volume). The sample size was estimated to be 520 without considering the statistical population and considering only the independent variables of the study considering the desirable status. The type of sampling used was multi-stage clustering. Findings from the analysis of data collected using SPSS and SMART PLS3 regression-based software indicates that assumptions about the influence of social factors variables (social health, communication action and social tolerance) are Values (336/4, 620/3and 530/6) = Tvalue, respectively, of the workgroup and its dimensions but the hypothesis of the effect of social trust with values of (534/1) = Tvalue on group and group activity is rejected,The moderator role of General commitment to the impact of social tolerance has been effective in enhancing groupwork.

Introduction: Effective plaque removal is an important factor in the long-term clinical success of dental implants. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of a powered toothbrush (Power Cross-Action) and a manual toothbrush (Cross-Action) in the control of plaque and soft tissue inflammation around implants supporting mandibular overdentures.Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-over clinical trial. The subjects included 10 edentulous subjects, aged 47-73 years, with removable mandibular overdentures supported by 2 unsplinted implants, all the subjects wore maxillary complete dentures. The study consisted of two 4-week phases separated by a 2-week interval. In each phase each subject randomly used one toothbrush type. Two days prior to each phase, the implants were polished. Plaque and bleeding indices were recorded before and after brushing. Data was analyzed by t-test using SPSS software (a=0.05).Results: Both toothbrushes reduced the indices under study. Means of plaque index decreases were 0.5 in manual toothbrush and 0.44 in powered toothbrush. Means of bleeding index decreases were 0.27 in manual toothbrush and 0.3 in powered toothbrush. There were no statistically significant differences between the two toothbrush types in changing plaque index (p value=0.88) and bleeding index (p value=0.91).Conclusion: Both toothbrushes were efficient in plaque control around implants which supported mandibular overdentures and there was no difference between them. Patients can use one of these toothbrushes depending on personal preference and comfort.

Objective: Mechanical plaque removal namely tooth brushing is the most commonly used oral hygiene technique. Efficacy of tooth brushing is influenced by the design and shape of toothbrush. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of two common Iranian toothbrushes with a foreign made one in plaque removal.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 30 female dental students in Babol University, School of Dentistry using simple randomized sampling. Oral B Cross Action(Germany), Panberes Cross Action and Panberes Classic (Iran) toothbrushes were compared. Students were asked not to brush their teeth for 24 hours before the first visit. At the first visit, subjects received oral prophylactic procedures and the baseline plaque index was recorded before brushing for all subjects using 0' Leary plaque index. In order to match the conditions, Bass tooth brushing technique was instructed to subjects. Students were then randomly divided into 3 groups of 10. The subjects were provided with the three toothbrushes for use in the first, second and third weeks. The plaque index was recorded after using each toothbrush for one week. Paired t-test was used to compare the efficacy of toothbrushes in plaque removal in the same subject while ANOV A was applied for the comparison between the three toothbrushes.Results: Significant reductions were observed in plaque index after using each toothbrush. Plaque index reduction was the highest for Oral B Cross Action and the lowest for Panberes Classic (P=0.001). Oral B Cross Action and a significant difference with Panberes Classic in mean plaque index reduction (P=0.018). Panberes Cross Action and Oral B Cross Action were not significantly different in this respect (P=0=797).Conclusion: Oral B Cross Action and Panberes Cross Action were not significantly different in terms of plaque index reduction. However, the mentioned two toothbrushes had a significant difference in this respect with Panberes Classic.

Introduction: Arbitration has a contractual nature and is subject to the sovereignty of the will of the parties, but in some cases, the legislator imposed the referral of claims to arbitration on the will of the parties and caused the contractual nature of the arbitration clause to disappear or be limited. By doing this, he has placed the arbitration outside the will of the parties. This issue causes some moral conflicts in the discussion of compulsory arbitration. Therefore, this research has been done with the purpose of examining the position of compulsory arbitration in Iran's legal system and the ethical challenges in it with a descriptive-analytical approach. Material and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that compulsory arbitration in Iran has ethical challenges in the field of implementation and interpretation, the most important of which is the issue of the right to action and judicial justice. In the context of ambiguities in mandatory arbitration, even if the method of arbitration becomes ambiguous, the arbitrator has the duty to find out the will of the legislator with the principles and rules of interpretation, which creates a moral conflict for the arbitrator.

The second period of the Abbasid caliphs (232-322 AH) with the emergence of several factors, some of which were rooted in the policies of the rulers of the first Abbasid period, the prestige and concentration along with the authority of the caliphate institution faced a serious and deteriorating challenge. The caliphate system was a toy in the hands of the power-seekers who had seized the sovereign affairs. A few of the caliphs of the period started and pursued reformist efforts in various elements in order to restore the former status of the mentioned institution and, according to their belief, by identifying structural damages, gaining the satisfaction of the people and the properties of the society, and restoring the basic position of the caliphate. In the present research, it is tried to analyze the set of actions of reformer caliphs based on library studies and descriptive-analytical method. The findings of research mean that reform efforts in political, economic, military, social and scientific-educational dimensions have been more or less visible; But the achievements have not left a significant impact on the reform of the structure and its continuity.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal problems are the common complaints of patients refer to internal medicine clinics and the pain is the most important of them. There are different physiotherapy methods for reduction of pain and action potential simulation therapy (APS therapy) is one of newest methods. The aim of this study was to determine reduction of pain with APS therapy. Materials & Methods: In 47 patients with different musculoskeletal pain APS therapy performed in 6 days each for 16 minutes and with current of 0.7-1.2 mA. Pain (VAS), Global functional status (ACR) and relief of pain (VAS) before and after study compared.Results: APS therapy reduced pain (p<0.001) and increased Global functional status (p<0.001) and increased relief of pain (p<0.005) but there was not any correlation between this reduction of pain with APS therapy and educational status and past history of physiotherapy and duration of illness in these patients.Conclusion: APS therapy is a useful physiotherapy modality for reduction of pain in musculoskeletal problems.

Introduction: Mechanical plaque control is the main method for prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease. Among mechanical methods, daily brushing is the basic method to achieve oral and dental health. Toothbrush design and shape are important for brushing efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three toothbrush designs, i.e. Classic, Cross-action and Pulsar, in Bass plaque control method.Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 30 volunteers were enrolled and prophylactic procedures were carried out for all of them. Bass method of toothbrushing was explained to them. Then each subject randomly received one of the three toothbrush designs to brush with for 7 days. The volunteers were asked not to brush for 24 hours before recall. The plaque index was recorded for all the subjects by O’Leary plaque index on recall visit. Then the volunteers brushed under the control of the investigator using the Bass technique, and the plaque index was measured again by the same procedure. This process was repeated for the two other toothbrushes. Data was analyzed by sample t-test and repeated measure ANOVA (a=0.05).Results: In this study the plaque removal level was 21.5% for Classic, 26.77% for Cross-action and 24.03% for Pulsar designs. All the three toothbrushes decreased plaque significantly (p value < 0.05), with no significant differences (p value >0.05).Conclusion: Classic, Cross-action and Pulsar toothbrushes are effective in Bass method of plaque control, with no significant differences.

Purpose: The current study investigated the verb retrieval problems in people with non-fluent aphasia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ACTION plan on transitive and intransitive verbs retrieval in a Persian language person with non-fluent aphasia. Case report: This case report study, including 4 distinct parts: 1) pre-treatment evaluations (Persian Test of aphasia, Persian test of verb-naming and spontaneous speech). 2) six sessions of baseline 3) four phases of treatment for 12 weeks (First, verb naming, phase two and three, including the completion of the transitive and intransitive taught verbs, phase fourth is construction sentence for two and three phases) 4) post-treatment evaluations (Repeat evaluations before the treatment). The results obtained in this study through C statistics, visual diagram and percent recovery were reported. Conclusions: The results show that except the second stage of the treatment, first and second treatments were different with significance level of (p<0. 05), the recovery had effect on untrained intransitive verbs. Recovery was the only after at the third phase for the untrained transitive verbs. In addition sentence construction with untrained verbs with completion and construction of trained transitive and intransitive verbs also significantly improved. The greatest improvement was for the sentence construction assignment through trained and untrained transitive verbs and lowest was for completion sentence by intransitive verbs. It can be concluded that this therapeutic approach for the treatment verb retrieval of Persian language patients with non-fluent aphasia is useful.